2024 11,26 15:39 |
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2008 01,03 10:00 |
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2008年のビジネス:勇者と富者の一年 The Financial Times
11年前、アラン・グリーンスパン元FRB議長は物思いに耽っていた。 The answer was we do not; we only discover afterwards. But we do know when exuberance has turned to fear and that is the mood in which many businesses enter 2008. その答えは、わからない、である。 Think of the atmosphere this time last year. Then, the big question in financial services was: how long can such good times last? Private equity funds were flush with cash and had no difficulty raising $50bn or more to take over a company in the US or Europe. Investment banks were enjoying record trading revenues and retail banks were lending freely to homeowners and consumers. 昨年のこの時期の雰囲気を思い出してみると良い。 The US economy was growing steadily and a commodities boom was bringing wealth to countries from Russia to the Middle East. Falling house prices were a worry in the US but it still appeared to be an isolated problem that would not spread into credit markets or particularly affect other national economies. アメリカ経済は順調に成長を続け、消費ブームはロシアから中東まで、色々な国々に資産をもたらした。 As this new year approaches, the US has had a perilous few months in markets and the rest of the world is realising how bad the contagion could be. The UK is feeling the effects of the Northern Rock debacle and there are fears of both a housing market crash and a falling currency. The European Central Bank is still pouring liquidity into financial markets. Only the Middle East and Asia motor smoothly onwards, if anything faster. 新年が近付く中、アメリカは市場がとんでもない状態に陥った数ヶ月を過ごした。 All of this brings varying degrees of uncertainty and worry to business leaders for 2008, depending on which industries and countries they are in. The common theme is that the landscape is more treacherous than a year ago. It could also be a year in which the brave and deep-pocketed thrive at others’ expense. この全てが2008年に対する様々な不確定要素と心配を、彼等が属する産業や国にもよるが、ビジネス・リーダーにもたらしている。 The most troubled businesses in 2008 are likely to be banks, which are suffering from write-downs of structured credit and lack of liquidity. It is possible, even likely, that there will be a repetition of the liquidity crisis that hit Northern Rock and led to the UK government having to guarantee its deposits. Credit problems have been most obvious at Wall Street banks such as Citigroup and Morgan Stanley but they could easily emerge elsewhere. 2008年、一番悩み多き企業は銀行となりそうだ。 That lack of confidence is likely to leak into cyclicals – the car industry is already suffering. It could spread more widely. “Even if you are three steps removed from financials, say in natural gas distribution, you will have a sense that you should be a bit more cautious,” says Jack Malvey, chief global fixed income strategist at Lehman Brothers. 信頼の枯渇は景気変動に突入しそうだ…車業界は既に青息吐息である。 Uncertainty and weakness at many businesses will provide opportunities. Chris Zook, head of the global strategy practice at Bain & Company, says that 2008 will see “a significant acceleration” of the rate at which weaker businesses in commoditised industries, from steel and cement to airlines and utilities, are acquired by others. “The softening climate means that companies which are four or five or six in their industries are likely to become shock absorbers in the early part of the cycle.” 多くの企業の不確定性と脆弱性はチャンスを提供するだろう。 The end-of-year rush by sovereign wealth funds from Singapore and the Gulf states to buy minority stakes in Wall Street banks is likely to continue and to spread to other industries. The high oil price means these funds must keep buying not only government bonds but public and private equity stakes in order to deploy the cash they are accumulating; and the downturn in the US economy is providing opportunities. Crossing borders will also be an imperative for companies that want to escape tepid consumer markets in their own countries. Investors have realised that globally diversified US companies are likely to have stronger revenue growth than those that focus purely on the US itself, as companies such as General Electric and Procter & Gamble have shown. As a result, US companies will keep trying to expand overseas. シンガポールや湾岸諸国のソブリン・ウェルス・ファンドが、ウォール街の銀行の株式を少数買い付けようと、年末になって駆け込んできたが、これは続きそうな上に他の業界にも広がりそうだ。 All of these forces will come into play next year whether or not the US goes into recession. In themselves, they will create uncertainty and volatility for companies in many industries. But a US recession – even a short and sharp one – would be even more disruptive. これらの力の全てが、来年アメリカが不況に突入するか否かに関わってくる。 As the year ends, financiers who felt the brunt of the credit squeeze are becoming pessimistic about the economic outlook. Bill Gross, chief investment officer of the fund manager Pimco, believes the US is already in recession and bankers who were blindsided by the sudden deterioration in credit markets are no longer trying to predict an upturn. “I don’t even know what would trigger a recovery,” says one banker. 年末が近付くにつれ、信用収縮の打撃を被った金融業者は、経済展望について益々悲観的になっている。 That does not mean they are simply sitting back and hoping for the worst to be over. The stronger firms say that further trouble would suit them. It would create more problems for rivals that misjudged markets, and let them recruit the latter’s staff. Distressed debt funds, value investors and bargain-hunters are looking for cheap assets in dislocated markets and troubled industries. だからといって、彼等が黙って手を拱きながら最悪の時が去るのを祈っている、というわけではない。 This is not going to be an easy year for many companies and it will be a very difficult one for institutions that thrived in a highly leveraged world in which risk-taking was almost always rewarded. It will be better for those who took precautions to preserve their capital before the worst trouble struck and now have deep pockets. There should be lots to buy. 多くの企業にとって楽な一年にはならないだろうし、リスク・テーキングがほぼ確実に報われていたハイ・レバレッジな世界で儲けてきた機関にとっても、非常に難しい一年になるだろう。 PR |
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